The Port Authority Of New York And New Jersey Was Founded In 1921 To Oversee

The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was founded in 1921 to oversee transportation matters.
Immigration continues to swell the population of greater New York. Large numbers of Jewish immigrants arrived at the turn of the 20th century and the black community was enlarged by an influx of workers who arrived during the 1940s as a result of the World War Two labour shortage. As Paterson has noted New York is a 'series of cities within a city.'17 The predominantly black area of Harlem, in north eastern Manhattan, is an example of how separate racial and ethnic groups cluster together in urban space. The phenomenon of 'white flight' has affected New York like most other North American cities. The more affluent white middle classes have shifted outwards from the inner city areas which have become increasingly occupied by immigrants and ethnic groups. The Bronx is a marked example of this trend as Black and Hispanic groups have displaced the once predominantly white populace. In 1990 the statistics showed that 80.8% of the population was Black or Hispanic.18
The more affluent classes may now commute from the suburbs of Staten Island or Nassau and Suffolk counties. Second home ownership is common amongst these classes particularly since the economic boom of the 1990s. The eastern reaches of Long Island, and rural retreats such as Bedford Village have experienced a positive flow of capital from the city in recent years. Outdoor activities and resorts in the Catskill and Adirondack Mountains are examples of hinterland diversification and attract many New Yorkers each year. The leisure industry continues to expand in these areas. Gentrification of inner city areas such as Greenwich Village and the regentrification of Brooklyn Heights have been successful in attracting wealth back to the city. Such projects began in the 1950s and were encouraged by Mayor Rudolph Giuliani during the 1990s who sought to decrease the city's growing 'rent-gap.'
Langdon White, Foscue and McKnight have applauded the city for its outstanding entertainment, tourist and cultural functions. They emphasise that New York is now a 'national leader in theatres, museums, libraries, art galleries, mass media headquarters, higher education institutions, hotel rooms and most other significant urban amenities.'19
Conclusion
As Paterson has highlighted that New York city is surrounded by 'formidable water barriers' which 'interrupt the movement of workers and goods on all sides except the north.'20 However, the masterful use of technology in the guise of tunnels and bridges has countered the restraints of the physical landscape. The site of the city, on a large natural bay of low tidal range, could also be said to be a place 'fore-ordained by nature as the location of a great city.'21 Indeed, a combination of geographical location and technological innovation has allowed the city to develop.