There Are 2 Important Polysaccharides In Biology The Storage Molecules Of

There are 2 important polysaccharides in biology the storage molecules of glycogen (humans) and starch (plants).
Glycogen
Glycogen comprises a chain of individual glucose units, which are cross-linked every 10 units or so to form both open helices and non-reactive terminal ends to each chain (Hames, and Hooper 2000). Figure 5 below shows the main and branching side chains of glycogen. Glycogen functions as a readily convertible store of energy (glucose) in the human body to fulfil the bodily needs for energy between meals (Stryer 1988).
Figure 5. The basic structure of glycogen showing the main and side chain linkage (adapted from (Hames, and Hooper 2000)

Glycogen is stored in the liver, muscles and other cells, present as granules within the cytosol. When energy is required the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase splits individual glucose molecules off the glycogen chain, releasing energy in the process (Elliott, and Elliott 2001).
Starch
Starch is formed from 2 polysachharides amylose and amylopectin, which are both polymers of glucose (Hames, and Hooper 2000). More than half of the carbohydrates ingested by humans is in the form of starch and the enzyme (-amylase hydrolyses the bonds between the molecules to yield glucose as well as other di- and polysaccharides that can be used for energy (Stryer 1988).
Conclusion
Macromolecules form the basis of biological life, providing the information about how to form biological structures as well as forming the structures themselves. Many macromolecules are highly developed and specialised structures that undertake the very processes of life on which we are all reliant. Roles vary from a simple provision of energy such as the polysaccharides; through the coding and translation of hereditary information of the nucleic acids; through to the proteins forming the basis of cell structures, as well as the enzymes, through which biological reactions can proceed an a rate appropriate to life.

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