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Though the post-1992 institutional changes placed some constraints on the ability of the Chancellor to base interest rate decisions on political rather than economic considerations, the discipline was inevitably only partially given the scope for differences in view about the prospects for inflation. (more…)

For the first part of post-war period, monetary policy was designated only a marginal role in the control of aggregate demand. In line with Keynesian principles, fiscal policy was seen as the primary tool of macroeconomic stabilisation, while interest rates were to be set low to encourage investment and credit controls employed to restrain consumer borrowing (more…)

The Cournot, Bertrand and Stackelberg models, commonly known as the conjectural variation models, intend to explore the behaviour of firms in an oligopolistic market structure. (more…)

Transport affects everyone on a daily basis and many can testify to the infuriating delays caused by increased car ownership and the poor infrastructure of many UK towns and cities. The resulting problems associated with congestion have many consequences: economic, environmental and social. (more…)

Forster (2005) looks at some of the reasons behind the eventual defeat of Edinburgh’s congestion charging plans in a public referendum, outlines how the proposed scheme would have worked and considers whether a referendum was necessary (more…)

The following examines results derived from a survey conducted by the University of Strathclyde (Weir et al, 2004). The objectives of the researchers were to find out where people in Glasgow travel from and whether it was from outside Glasgow. (more…)

Population and Area

Glasgow city has a population of approximately 612,000 and receives many more people who commute into Glasgow from surrounding districts. (more…)

The Commission on Integrated Transport, established in the 1998 Integrated Transport White Paper “to provide independent advice to Government on the implementation of integrated transport policy”, provides a succinct summary of the need for congestion charges. (more…)

Urban growth over centuries has been built on the premise that transportation costs for goods, for people and for ideas can be minimized. A corollary of this has traditionally been a public transport system which has transported the working population to the Central Business District, the heart of a City. (more…)

A vitally important issue observed in a number of studies on aid programmes was the presence of different biases including but not limited to choice of countries, sector or sub-sectors of activity as well as the designs of aid projects. (more…)